If you're in the market for a used car, a vehicle history report (VHR) is a critical tool that provides a snapshot of the car's past.

This easy-to-access document helps you make an informed decision by revealing important details about the vehicle, such as its accident history, service records, and any title issues. To obtain this report, you'll only need the vehicle's identification number (VIN) or license plate information, making it a straightforward step before finalizing a purchase.

While these reports don't capture everything—some owners may not report repairs, or they might work with non-reporting mechanics—they offer a great starting point. It's a cost-effective way to gauge how well the vehicle has been cared for over the years, before you decide to buy.

Vehicle History Report vs. CARFAX

CARFAX is one of the most well-known providers of vehicle history reports. While CARFAX is a popular service, it's just one option. There are also several other companies offering vehicle history reports, which can often be accessed from various sources like car dealerships, insurance companies, or third-party providers.

What Is Included in a Vehicle History Report?

A comprehensive vehicle history report can reveal several key details about a car's past. Here's a list of what you might find:

1. Service History

This section outlines any maintenance or repairs performed on the car. It may include oil changes, fluid checks, and more.

2. Accident History

It details any accidents the vehicle has been involved in, helping you understand the potential damage it has sustained in the past.

3. Service Contracts

Some reports show information about existing service contracts and how much time remains on those warranties.

4. Odometer Reading

A key part of the report is tracking the car's mileage, confirming whether the odometer reading matches reality, which could signal potential tampering.

5. Salvage Title

If the vehicle has been classified as a total loss by an insurer (due to an accident or other major issue), the report will indicate whether it holds a salvage title.

6. Lemon History

If the car has been involved in the manufacturer's lemon law program, the report will reflect that history.

7. Title Issues

Any problems with the vehicle's title, such as outstanding liens or if it's been branded as junk, will be included.

8. VIN Check

The report uses the vehicle identification number to confirm the car's identity and uncover any signs of VIN tampering or fraud.

9. Inspections

You'll see records of past vehicle inspections, including when they were performed and their outcomes.

10. Previous Owners

A report will tell you how many owners the car has had and how long they owned it, plus mileage driven under each owner.

11. Registration History

Details about the vehicle's registration, including its state of registration and renewal history, are part of the report.

12. Flood and Fire Damage

If the vehicle has suffered damage from floods or fire, the report will highlight this, which could affect the car's value and performance.

13. Location of Sales

It also tells you where the car has been sold, giving you insight into its origins and potential regional conditions that could impact its performance.

How Do You Get a Vehicle History Report?

There are multiple ways to access a vehicle history report:

1. Dealership

You can request a vehicle history report directly from the dealership. They often have easy access to this data and may be willing to provide it before you make a purchase.

2. Insurance Company

Many insurance providers can offer a report once you purchase a policy, though you might need to inquire with them directly.

3. Credit Union

Some credit unions provide vehicle history reports as part of their auto loan services. It could be worth asking your credit union about this option.

When Do You Get a Vehicle History Report?

There are a few situations when it's useful to request a vehicle history report:

1. Buying a Vehicle

Before you purchase a used car, request a vehicle history report to understand its past and avoid costly mistakes down the line.

2. Insurance Quotes

If you're comparing quotes from different insurers, a vehicle history report can help ensure the quotes reflect the true condition of the car.

3. Selling a Vehicle

If you plan to sell your vehicle, having a history report ready can save potential buyers time and help boost their confidence in your vehicle's condition.

4. Recalls

If you receive a recall notice, use the vehicle history report to check for other outstanding recalls on the vehicle.

5. Car Troubles

If your car is having mechanical issues, a vehicle history report can provide insights into the work previously performed on the car, which may help in diagnosing current problems.

What Is Not Included in a Vehicle History Report?

Although a vehicle history report is quite comprehensive, it doesn't include everything. Some key omissions include:

1. Missing or Hidden Information

If a previous owner hid an accident or repair, this might not be reflected in the report.

2. Body Damage

While the report highlights accidents, it doesn't cover minor cosmetic damage like dings, dents, or scratches.

3. Speedometer Readings

The report does not track a vehicle's speedometer or how fast the car has traveled in the past.

4. Vehicle Emissions

Besides emissions test results (if available), the report doesn't provide specific details about the car's emissions levels.

5. Cleanliness

The condition of the car's interior or whether the previous owner smoked is not included in the report.

6. Damage Causes

A report does not explain the cause of any damage—such as who was at fault in an accident or the severity of the damage.

What Are the Advantages of a Vehicle History Report?

The primary benefits of using a vehicle history report are:

1. Aggregates Data

It pulls together important data from different sources, saving you time by providing everything in one place.

2. Provides Peace of Mind

By verifying the car's history, you can make a confident purchase knowing there are no hidden issues that could hurt its future performance.

3. Protects Your Investment

Checking for accident history or salvage titles helps ensure the car you're purchasing won't lose value unexpectedly.

4. Shows Mileage Accuracy

The report provides insight into whether the car's odometer reading is accurate, ensuring you aren't paying for more miles than the vehicle has actually driven.

What Should I Do After Getting a Vehicle History Report?

Once you have the vehicle history report, it's time to:

1. Research Online Reviews

Check out reviews for the make and model of the vehicle to understand its overall performance, safety, and reliability.

2. Take a Test Drive

Drive the car to assess its current condition and performance. Pay attention to how it handles, the transmission, and any odd noises.

3. Inspect for Signs of Damage

Look for visible signs of accidents or repairs like mismatched paint or misaligned doors.

4. Schedule a Pre-Purchase Inspection

The most important step after the report is to have an expert mechanic inspect the vehicle. They'll spot issues you may miss, ensuring the car is in top shape before you buy.

Are Inspections Essential Before Buying a Used Car?

While not always mandatory, getting a pre-purchase inspection (PPI) is highly recommended, especially for older vehicles. In combination with the vehicle history report, a PPI can provide all the information you need to make an informed, confident purchasing decision.